Photovoltaic (PV) Modules/Solar Panels

Back to Types of Waste Disposals At SFSU

Photovoltaic (PV) modules, commonly known as solar panels, are used to convert sunlight into electricity. When damaged, decommissioned, or no longer functional, they become regulated waste. Many PV modules contain hazardous materials such as lead, cadmium, selenium, and other metals that require proper management under California’s Universal Waste Rule for PV modules (effective January 1, 2021).

Characteristics of PV Module Waste:

  • May contain heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, selenium, silver).
  • Often large and heavy, requiring secure handling and storage.
  • Intact modules are less hazardous but still regulated.
  • Breakage can lead to hazardous exposure and contamination.

Photovoltaic (PV) Modules/Solar Panels Information

  • Cracked, damaged, or weathered PV solar panels removed from rooftops or solar fields.
  • Decommissioned modules from upgrades or efficiency replacements.
  • PV panels from research, lab, or facilities infrastructure projects.
  • Off-spec or end-of-life modules from solar system manufacturers or test installations

Environmental Health & Safety:

Dipak Janda (Dk) Email: Dipakjanda@sfsu.edu

Telephone: (415)-542-8046

  • PV modules may be stored for up to 1 year from the accumulation start date.
  • Modules must be moved to the designated Universal Waste storage area before this deadline.
  • Keep accumulation areas secure and labeled

Who Removes the Waste:

EH&S or trained Facilities staff manage collection and transport.

Where It Is Taken:
PV modules are moved to the SFSU Universal Waste storage facility, where they are stored safely on racks or pallets and protected from weather and breakage

  • Pickup occurs semi-annually or more frequently depending on the number of modules
    generated.
  • Emergency removal is arranged for broken or contaminated panels
  • Managed by a licensed universal waste or solar recycling contractor.
  • Panels are evaluated for recycling, reuse, or hazardous waste treatment.
  • Materials such as aluminum frames, glass, and metals (silver, lead, cadmium, silicon) are
    recovered and recycled when feasible.
  • Any residual hazardous waste is treated in compliance with DTSC and EPA regulations.
  • Managed under Title 22, Division 4.5, Chapter 23 (California-specific regulations for PV modules).

 

Contact Information

For further information about Photovoltaic (PV) Modules: Solar Panels Management Program at SFSU or how you can get involved, please contact:

Environmental Compliance Specialist

Dipak Janda (Dk)